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Beitragstitel Sleep and depressive symptoms - Is there a longitudinal relationship in adolescence?
Beitragscode P08
Autoren
  1. Chiara Castiglione-Fontanellaz Universitäre Psychiatrische Dienste Bern (UPD) Vortragender
  2. Jasmina Rogic
  3. Michael Kaess Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Bern
  4. Leila Tarokh University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern / Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern
Präsentationsform Poster
Themengebiete
  • T10 - Depression
Abstract Introduction
Sleep disruption (e.g. difficulty falling or staying asleep or waking up too early) is common in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD), and disrupted sleep has been shown to be a risk factor for the onset of mental health problems, including depression. The aim of the present study was to assess the temporal association between sleep and depressive symptoms in a sample of un-medicated adolescents with and without MDD using a longitudinal design.

Methods
Twenty-nine adolescents with and without MDD between the age of 14 and 17 years (mean 15.1 years, SD = 1.7; 17 females; 11 with MDD) were included in the present study. For a 12-month period, participants wore an actigraph continuously and filled out questionnaires once per month via a secure online platform. Sleep was assessed using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and depressive symptoms were assessed using the sum score of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). A cross-lagged panel design was used to assess the longitudinal relationship between sleep and depressive symptoms. One model was run for each of the following sleep measures: sleep onset latency (SOL); wake after sleep onset (WASO); total sleep time (TST) measured via actigraphy and the PSQI.

Results
The relation between depressive symptoms and subjective as well as objective sleep measures was bi-directional with depression levels in the past month being a predictor for objectively (β = 0.53 , p < .001) and subjectively (β = 0.02, p < .05) measured TST in the following month. Depressive symptoms in the past month also predicted subjective SOL (β = 0.03, p < .001) and subjective sleep quality (β = 0.02 , p < .001) in the following month. Conversely, objectively (β = 0.27, p < .05) and subjectively (β = 0.48, p < .001) measured SOL in the past month was a predictor for depressive symptoms in the following month.

Conclusions
In many cases, sleep disturbances are viewed as a symptom or a consequence of a mental illness and are treated as such. Using a longitudinal approach, our findings show a bi-directional relationship between depression and sleep in adolescents where sleep problems are a risk factor for mental health problems and mental health problems in turn exacerbate sleep difficulties.